Fallout 4 Settlements

In Fallout 4, the Sole Survivor can build and manage their own settlements at various sites around the Commonwealth. The new workshop interface is used to place and connect pre-fabricated structures as well as individual pieces (walls, floors, roofs, etc.) letting the player character construct their own home base(s) as they desire.

Once built, these settlements can be customized extensively. Inside buildings and structures, furniture, decorations, and lights can be placed for aesthetic purposes; outside these structures, the player character can plant crops, create water and power supplies, and tend to the defensive needs of their new settlement. To accumulate resources for their settlements, the player character can scrap most interactive inventory items.

Once a settlement reaches a certain size and/or the player character obtains necessary perks, they can invite others to set up shop at their base by building unique resources such as the trading post, which adds a vendor NPC stocking some of the best in-game items. It is also possible to establish supply lines between settlements to share resources and inventory among them.

Settlements require constant maintenance with NPCs tending to more basic functions such as crop harvesting. However, without this, crops will fail and equipment will need repair over time. The player character will have to use the workshop and have the required junk to complete the repairs. Walking up to a damaged or failed item while in workshop mode, the player character will be offered a selection to scrap/repair the observed item.

Most of these sites can be obtained during the Minutemen quests; however, others will require visiting them and completing location-specific quests.

Settlement sites
 There are 37 discoverable/unlockable settlements total with 30 in the base game, one in the Automatron, four in the Far Harbor, one in the Vault-Tec Workshop and one in the Nuka-World add-ons. Most are obtained by completing an objective or killing hostiles/residents in the area then opening the workshop.

Recruitable settlers
Throughout the game, there are unique NPCs that aren't available as followers, yet can be persuaded to join an owned settlement, provided the requirements are met.
 * Doc Anderson
 * Anne Hargraves
 * Buddy
 * Jezebel
 * Ron Staples
 * Trader Rylee
 * The Scribe
 * Smiling Larry
 * Shaun (synth)
 * Sheffield
 * Tina De Luca
 * Vault-Tec rep

Related perks

 * Gun Nut allows for the creation of more advanced defenses.
 * Hacker is required for the creation of terminals.
 * Armorer is required to build power armor crafting stations.
 * Science! is required for the creation of assorted advanced power-focused structures.
 * Local Leader allows for two settlements to have a supply line, sharing resources.
 * Rank 2 of the perk is required for vendor stalls and crafting stations.
 * Cap Collector is an additional requirement for tier 3 shops.
 * Medic is an additional requirement for all medical shops.

Nuka-World
During the Nuka-World add-on, the Sole Survivor has the ability to lead the three raider groups included in the expansion (Operators, Disciples, and the Pack) and capture settlements through violence. These captured settlements are called raider outposts and will be populated by members of the raider group that helped capture it. While they will no longer be referred to as settlements by characters in the game, these outposts are settlements for the purposes of achievements and trophies.

The differences between a Minutemen settlement and a raider outpost are few but significant; for example, one can lead raiders to capture other settlements, extract tribute from Minutemen settlements, and make other settlements your vassal states. In addition, captured and intimidated settlements will pay the Sole Survivor in caps back at their home base in Nuka-World. After Power Play however, whatever raider group was betrayed, and any outpost they control will no longer pay tribute following the quest. This will start Cleaning House, where the Sole Survivor must destroy the enemy outposts. However, one can no longer fast travel to those outposts. Get in there the old-fashioned way and eliminate the raiders.

To establish a raider outpost, the player character must speak to Shank. They will then be given the option to capture a new outpost or intimidate a settlement to supply nearby outposts. Both jobs will allow the use of violence or intimidation. When violence is chosen, the player character will be joined by three gang members of their choosing and must kill or cripple the settlers and their Minutemen backup. Intimidation can be used on settlements with named non-random NPC settlers, where the player character can threaten or bribe the residents.

Take caution when establishing the first raider outpost as this will drop Preston Garvey's affinity to the lowest level, even if he is not present. Therefore, it is advised to move him away from any desired settlements before establishing any raider outposts or become the overboss of Nuka-World prior to becoming the general of the Minutemen.

It is not possible to establish a supply line between two raider outposts, but all raider outposts are automatically linked to each other, so it would be unnecessary. It is also not possible to establish a supply line between a raider outpost and a regular settlement, so a separate supply of building materials will be required for raider outposts.

In order to convert the outposts back into Minutemen settlements, one will need to kill all of the raiders at that outpost. If the raiders go hostile, then the turrets will also go hostile as well. Be warned, that once all the raiders at that outpost are killed, the Sole Survivor will be declared an enemy to the Nuka-World raiders, thus losing control of all outposts and failing any incomplete Nuka-World raider related quests, starting Open Season, the quest where the Sole Survivor must execute the Nuka-World raider gang leaders (Nisha, Mags Black, William Black, and Mason) in order to put an end to slavery to the traders of Nuka-Town.

Quests
The player character can get radiant quests that randomly select different settlements.

Necessities and dependencies
These stats need to be maintained to sustain or stagnate the growth of a settlement. Each necessity would also act as a dependency on other necessities; i.e. people need water, food, beds, and protection to live and thrive.

People

 * The population of the settlement. People are required to collect from resource units and man objects the Sole Survivor builds. Each settlement has a default max population of 10 settlers plus each point of Charisma the character has, which has a base max of 21 (10 from leveling and +1 from bobblehead) before factoring in extra charisma from armor and consumables. A radio beacon is generally required to attract more settlers, but one can send companions to settlements and can recruit a few non-companion characters to join, alternatively, settlers can be told to "move" from an already populated settlement.
 * Provisioners will still count to the population of a settlement, but only to the one that they were sent from.
 * Increasing populations and lower happiness scores will increase the time for new settlers to arrive using the radio beacon.
 * If more than four settlers are either unassigned or assigned to provisioner jobs, no more settlers will arrive on their own.
 * Dependencies: water, food, beds, defense, radio beacon

Food

 * How much food the settlement is producing. Increased by placing food resources.
 * Every 24 hours, independent of the timer for the food resource to be manually harvestable by the player character again, every food resource assigned to a farmer will generate one food item of the same type for every whole unit of food production of that type, which will be added to the settlement's workshop inventory.
 * Food will not be automatically produced at any settlement whose workshop contains more than 10 food items (including items that cannot be produced by settlement resources, like meat, gumdrops, etc). This cap on production increases by 1 per settlement population.
 * Dependencies: people, water. Crops will die without water.

Water

 * How much water the settlement can produce.
 * Every 24 hours, a settlement with a non-zero population will produce 1 purified water per unit of water production. This water will be stored automatically in the settlement's workshop.
 * Water will not be automatically produced at any settlement whose workshop contains more than 5 drink items (including items that cannot be produced by settlement resources, like dirty water, alcohol, etc). This cap on production increases by 1 per every 4 units of settlement population.
 * In Survival mode, water resources can be used by the player character to satisfy thirst and convert empty bottles to purified water.
 * Dependencies: power (only with water purifiers)

Power

 * How much power is available for the settlement to use. Power required for turrets, traps, lights, and some furniture (TV).
 * Repair generators after attacks, they are the main target
 * Dependencies: n/a

Defense

 * Measures the apparent defenses the settlement has, based on settlement buildings with defense ratings. Only provided by defenses built at a workshop; mines do not count toward settlement defense rating, even though they can destroy attacking forces if the player character is also present. Some creatures able to be captured using cages (featured in Wasteland Workshop) also add to the defense rating, such as deathclaws and yao guais.
 * Each point of defense lowers the chance of an attack by 1%.
 * Each population unit lowers the chance of an attack by 0.5%, in addition to any other defensive value the settler provides.
 * Each unit of food and water production at the settlement increases the chance of attack by 0.1%.
 * Each edible and/or drinkable item stored in a settlement's workbench increases the chance of attack by 0.1%.
 * The minimum chance of an attack upon a settlement per day is 2%, regardless of defenses. The maximum chance is unknown but assumed to be 100%. Whatever the chance is, a settlement cannot be attacked if it has already been attacked in the last 7 in-game days.
 * Dependencies: people, power (with certain turrets and traps)

The defense values do not directly correlate with actual combat efficiency. An Mk. 5 machine gun turret can kill enemies several times faster than an Mk. 1 heavy machine gun turret but will contribute less to the settlement defense value.

Beds

 * The number of beds in the settlement. The settlement needs one bed per settler to keep the settlers happy.
 * Settlers normally assign themselves to available beds automatically upon arrival or as beds are built. It is possible that settlers will not assign themselves to a bed unless the total needs for all settlers are met. After additional beds are built, it may be necessary to manually assign all settlers to individual beds.
 * In some settlements with preexisting beds, such as Abernathy Farm, Tenpines Bluff, and Covenant, settlers often require manual bed assignments. Others such as Sunshine Tidings Co-op work automatically. Problem settlements may show a proper amount of beds in the building overlay, but settlers may comment on the bed situation and settlement happiness will be negatively affected.
 * Even in settlements that do not start with preexisting beds, it is possible for happiness to suffer without settlers complaining, simply because they have not automatically assigned themselves to beds. Manually assigning beds to ensure each settler has a bed is a good way to ensure there are no hidden negatives dragging down happiness.
 * Scrapping/disabling/ignoring all preexisting beds in a settlement and building new ones in their place may help avoid this problem from the start. To disable a bed on PC, enter the console, click on the preexisting bed, type, then exit the console and build a new bed in its place. This can also be done to a bed that will not accept manual assignments. Otherwise, building additional beds equal to the preexisting ones may be required.
 * To quickly identify all settlers without a bed, sleep or wait until midnight when settlers other than guards and provisioners will go to bed. Any others left awake require manual assignment.
 * Assigning a job to a settler in a problem location may cause their bed assignment to be lost, so assign jobs before manually assigning beds.
 * Dependencies: n/a

Happiness

 * This is the morale of the settlement. Increasing a settlement's happiness will increase the productivity of its settlers. One may lose control of a settlement that is very unhappy.
 * The displayed happiness value is calculated by adding together all happiness points and dividing by the total population.


 * Basic needs
 * Each human settler can provide up to 80 happiness points by meeting their basic needs, which are:
 * A bed in which to sleep, which counts for 10 points.
 * For their bed to be covered from rainfall, which counts for 10 points.
 * One unit of food production per settler, which counts for 20 points.
 * One unit of water production per settler, which counts for 20 points.
 * One unit of defense per settler, which counts for 20 points.
 * Each non-human settler instead provides 50 happiness points at all times.
 * Guards and provisioners will not use their beds, but must still be allocated one to increase their happiness.
 * Food and water produced at the settlement only increase the settlers' happiness by being greater than the population. However, failing to provide sufficient food and/or water, either at the settlement or at one connected by a supply line, will impose happiness caps (see below) on individual settlers that will drag down the settlement's average happiness, and can't be countered by bonus happiness (see below).
 * Providing more than one unit of defense per settler will not provide any more happiness but will reduce the chance of the settlement being attacked.
 * Decoration and noise levels have no effect on happiness.


 * Bonus happiness
 * Bonus happiness is divided among each settler at the settlement that produces it. Bonus happiness of 10 at a settlement with a population of 5 will increase each settler's happiness by 2.
 * The table below lists the happiness points provided by the presence of certain stores, and are marked with a happiness icon in the tooltip when building them.


 * The table below lists the happiness points provided by certain animals living in a settlement.


 * The table below lists the happiness points provided by Vault-Tec Workshop items.


 * Happiness caps
 * Settler happiness can be capped, ensure that happiness loss caused by failing to meet basic settler needs can't be countered with bonus happiness.
 * If a settlement has a lower defense rating than its population, all its settlers' happiness is capped at 60.
 * Every 24 hours, when a settlement updates, one edible item, and one drinkable item is consumed from the workshop inventory per settler. If the settlement is linked by a supply line to other settlements, items in the connected settlements' workshops will be consumed if needed. Settlers that must go without eating or drinking due to lack of edible/drinkable items in any connected workshop will have their happiness capped at 30 until the next update. Food and drink stored in containers, instead of in the workshop, will not be consumed, but are also unavailable to settlers for retaining happiness.
 * Not having a sheltered bed will cap a settler at 60 Happiness.


 * Temporary Happiness Modifier
 * Happiness is also affected by a temporary modifier at each settlement, that ranges from -50 to +20. Each 24 hour "update," this temporary modifier is multiplied by 0.8, with fractions dropped. Most commonly this is a -20 adjustment, caused by a settler's death. Other adjustments are triggered by the activation of a Minutemen quest for the settlement (-20) and the completion of a Minutemen quest for the settlement (+20).

Size

 * Shows the number of objects that have been placed by the player character within the settlement, as well as the maximum amount of objects that can be placed through the Settlement interface. Every existing or user-built item takes up settlement size. If the settlement size is maxed, other objects within its boundaries must be scrapped in order to place more structures.
 * It is possible to bypass the in-game size limit of settlements by dropping items to the ground and scrapping or storing them manually. Each scrapped item refunds a small number of allotment points allowing to build more objects. Placing large amounts of objects in any settlement may cause frame rate issues and lag while in that settlement.
 * Dependencies: n/a

With the Local Leader perk, food/water and junk resources can be shared between settlements connected by a supply line allowing the player character to quickly build out new settlements or even specialize them.

Settlement attack chance
The chance of a settlement being attacked is calculated as follows:

$$\text{Base} = \frac{\text{Food} + \text{Water}}{2}$$

$$\text{Reduction} = \frac{\text{Population}}{2} + \text{Defense}$$

$$\text{Attack chance} = \max(\text{Base}% - \text{Reduction}%, 2%)$$

The attack chance can never go below 2%. The food and water in these formulas also include that stored in the workbench, meaning that the attack chance may increase over time for settlements with excess production.

Example
If a settlement has 5 food, 6 water, 2 defense, and a population of 5, the attack chance is calculated as follows:

$$\text{Base} = \frac{5 + 6}{2} = 5.5$$

$$\text{Reduction} = \frac{5}{2} + 2 = 4.5$$

$$\text{Attack chance} = \max(5.5% - 4.5%, 2%) = \max(1%, 2%) = 2%$$

Budget settlement (Sanctuary)
Build supports 20 settlers, minimum 11. When setting up camp, place the medium generator, water purifiers and recruitment radio beacon close together. The generator can support all 3 items by itself. Each settler can maintain 6 units of food (6 mutfruit or 12 of any other crops), so 4 settlers can maintain 24 food. Settlers that do not maintain food can be set to guard duty. Each guard can man 3 guard posts, so 7 settlers can man the 20 guard posts required. Mutfruit plants can be obtained at Greentop Nursery, Graygarden, or Warwick homestead. Minimum Cost Alternately, the player character can build x7 water pumps, at a cost of:
 * People - x1 recruitment radio beacon
 * Beds - x20 sleeping bag
 * Food - x20 mutfruit (requires 4 settlers)
 * Water - x2 water purifier
 * Power - x1 medium generator
 * Defense - x20 guard post (requires 7 settlers)
 * 11 settlers (supports 20)
 * 200 wood
 * 64 cloth
 * 117 steel
 * 20 mutfruit plant
 * 18 copper
 * 14 rubber
 * 8 ceramic
 * 4 oil
 * 3 screws
 * 3 gears
 * 2 circuitry
 * 2 crystal
 * 28 steel
 * 7 concrete
 * 7 gears

Advanced settlement building techniques
There are some ways to get around the clipping of settlement objects with each other and preexisting objects in the world to allow the player to build more sophisticated structures. These can all be done without mods however some will require using the game console. See Fallout 4 console commands for the full list of console commands.

Mat exploit
This by placing a small doormat down and then placing a larger item like a chair on top of it (This will not work with snappable objects). When you select the mat by tapping down the select button it will also pick up the items linked on top; however, the collision will only be enabled for the floor mat (If you hold the select button it will use the collision of the thing you are trying to move), enabling you to potentially clip the larger object into other objects provided the mat isn't clipping with anything. To increase the distance that the mat can reach try stacking rugs with the base (the one you want to move with) at the bottom.

Note: This also works with wall decorations and conduits. (tested with vanilla wall decorations/signs).

Pillar exploit
This is achieved by using a concrete pillar (found in the Wasteland Workshop Add-on) and placing it next to a structure. By holding the "Place" button, the structure and pillar will be highlighted. If only the pillar is highlighted, move it closer to the structure. Doing this does not allow you to clip the structure but to sink it into the ground. If you don't have the Wasteland Workshop add-on you can use a concrete foundation.

Pillar and mat exploit combo
By using the two above exploits, you can clip and sink objects into the ground. In order to do this, use the mat exploit to get the object you want to do the glitch with. Then place the pillar down next to it, next hold down the select button and it will use the collision of the pillar and mat, not the object on top of the mat. This will allow you to clip and sink the object.

Electrical Connections without limits exploit
By starting with the cursor on the object you wish to connect an electrical wire from and slowly moving toward an already existing wire that bisects the object until the wire is highlighted, one can press the button associated with connecting a wire and hear the sparking sound. Going to another place the wire could connect to and pressing the connect wire button will place a wire that is not bound by object interference or distance. Once the wire is placed, one must exit using the previous menu button or anomalies may occur.

Infinite population exploit
With add-ons, the max population of most settlements can be increased indefinitely with tamed creatures from the Wasteland Workshop add-on, and with robots built from Robot workbenches in the Automatron add-on. Settlers that the Survivor meets in random encounters or during the Automatron add-on's radiant quest Rogue Robot can also be recruited and sent to any settlement of the player's choice in the Commonwealth, Nuka-World, or the Island (with the sole exception being Home Plate), ignoring the maximum population limit.

Console: TCL
The console command tcl will disable clipping to yourself. It will also turn off clipping for any objects you place down or select while in this mode, allowing you to put other objects inside of it. If you have an object placed that you want to put another object inside of you simply select that object then deselect it to disable its collision. You can then place down an object inside of it. Once you remove the collision you will also remove the ability to select that item. To restore collision simply enter tcl into the command again to reactivate clipping. You can enter tcl again to go back into tcl and begin removing collision again.

This command is best used for junk wall placement to allow you to join the sections of the wall together.

Console: modpos
Modpos will allow you to move any object in the game that is selectable within the console. To target an object, simply click on it when you have the console open. Modpos will require you to specify an axis and also an amount to move an object by. Because you are forcing the object to be moved through console this will ignore all collision and will allow you to move the object anywhere you wish. Each unit of movement is quite small and you can get a high degree of accuracy.

Some sample distances:


 * 1 full size floor object length = 256
 * 1 full size floor object height = 15
 * 1 upper shack floor object height = 22
 * 1 wall height = 202
 * Distance between floors (Z axis), non-prefab, using the standard 1 full square stair set = 224

Console: setpos
While Modpos moves a selected object a given distance, Setpos moves it to specified x, y, or z coordinates. Both ignore any clipping including the original environment. Setpos is most useful when dealing with an item that snaps to another and the game will preview the object in the correct position but will not place it there. For example, you can get the coordinates of a wall while it is in the preview location, then place it on the other side of the floor in an allowed location, then use Setpos to move it back to the preview location already placed.

To use it, open the console while the object is snapped into the preview position. Click on the object and get its x, y and z coordinates in that location with:

Close the console. Now place the object elsewhere in the same orientation, parallel to the final destination. With the object placed, open the console again, and with the object still selected use the following, replacing # with the number shown by Getpos for that axis.

If you need to scroll back up in the console to get the coordinate, the PageUp and PageDown buttons may be used.

Note: Fallout 4 uses the "Left-hand" coordinate system, where X is East/West, Y is N/S, and Z plus is up (world coordinates).

Console: Building all objects at internal workshops
It is possible to build all settlement objects at certain internal workshops which limit the items one can build, such as Home Plate and The Mechanist's lair, by opening the console, clicking on the offending workbench so that its reference is displayed and then entering and.

Unlimited size
When you're building big settlements, often you are confronted with a full-size bar. This means that, according to the game mechanics, you can't place another item in your settlement. A quick workaround can help you to easily reduce your settlement size, which enables you to place more items.


 * 1) Place the weapons in the workbench
 * 2) Remove the weapons from the workbench
 * 3) Drop the weapons on the ground
 * 4) Enter workshop-mode
 * 5) Click on the weapons and store them in the workshop

Doing this will reduce your settlement size, and enables you to build bigger settlements.

With the Contraptions Workshop add-on, vacuum hoppers can be used to automatically drop weapons from the workshop inventory onto the ground.

Alternatively, on PC, it is possible to increase the build limit using console commands. The build limit is calculated using two actor values: triangles and draws. The following commands can be used to change these values:


 * displays the current number of triangles
 * displays the maximum number of triangles
 * changes the maximum number of triangles to the specified amount
 * displays the current number of draws
 * displays the maximum number of draws
 * changes the maximum number of draws to the specified amount

Using an amount of -1 disables the limits entirely.

Moving build structures
Objects that are joined into the full structure can be moved as one object. Example: If you have built a shack on one end of a settlement (walls and floors with lamps, desk, etc.) you can move it as one item. In build mode, you hold your select button ('e' for PC) on one element (preferably you choose wall from outside) and the whole structure will be selected. Now you can move your shack on the other side of your settlement.

Behind the scenes
During a game jam session at Bethesda, programmer Michael Dulany developed a system for building and furnishing player bases, which worked its way into Fallout 4 as the settlement workshop system. It was on the verge of being cut for a long amount of time during development, but remained in the game and became one of its tent-pole features.

Bugs
This is a fundamental limitation of the simulation engine, so there are no methods to permanently prevent this from occurring, though several workarounds and temporary fixes exist:
 * When away from a settlement, the Pip-Boy's workshop section on the data screen may show incorrect values for a settlement's statistics, such as water and beds. This occurs when the player character enters an exterior cell close enough to a settlement such that only a subset of the settlement's exterior cells are loaded into the simulation engine. The result is that only those objects in the loaded cells are included in the statistics. Unfortunately, the settlement will experience the expected negative consequences of this, such as the happiness score dropping, and settlers may become unassigned from their beds. The effect will be more noticeable in larger settlements, such as Sanctuary Hills, which are composed of a larger number of exterior cells, and in the case of Spectacle Island, this can occur without even leaving the island. It will not affect settlements which only consist of a single cell, such as County crossing.
 * Returning to the affected settlement and opening the workshop should correct the statistics. In the case of Spectacle Island, you may have to travel to the center of the island to ensure all the cells have loaded.
 * Replacing all pre-existing beds in a settlement may prevent settlers from becoming unassigned from or not assigning themselves to these beds. On PC, if scrapping is not possible, select the bed to be removed in the console and using commands and then  will permanently remove the selected beds.
 * One can fix this by group selecting preexisting beds and moving them onto a floor. Scrapping or storing the floor will then delete the bugged bed. This feature is disabled after 1.6 patch.
 * Manually assigning all settlers to a bed using the command option in the workshop menu may prevent settlers from becoming unassigned from their beds.
 * If a distress pulse is dropped on the ground in a settlement and then scrapped using the building screen it will permanently emit a distress signal.
 * After choosing 'barter' at a user-created settlement shop, the trade window may open to two blank lists (player character and settler inventories are empty), where the settler has 0-6 caps and nothing can be done except exiting.
 * Exiting the trade menu, selecting the 'all items' category in the Pip-Boy, and then retrying barter may resolve this bug.
 * Settlers with a coded routine may continue it at the expense of an assigned job. This occurs mainly with original settlers from before a settlement is unlocked and some named settlers. Examples include Sturges or Marcy Long rarely being present at a store if assigned (though still bartering from wherever they are), robots at Graygarden tending plants regardless of assignment, and original settlers in Greentop Nursery assigned to guard posts spending time sitting in chairs inside the house, while new settlers assigned the same roles do not. For assignments like guard duty where being in the correct location matters, a new settler may be a better choice.
 * When fast traveling to a settlement, settlers may be seen standing on the roofs of natural or player character-built structures with no way of getting to the top of them.
 * Fast-traveling to the settlement again should make them return to the ground.
 * Beds that are under a cover (even in an entirely enclosed building) may not be recognized as such, impacting settlement happiness.
 * If a switch or generator is stored or scrapped when the wire is being pulled out, sparks may remain hovering and cannot be removed.
 * Settlers assigned to stores (except clinic) placed above the water at Nordhagen beach, refuse to engage in dialogue.
 * Simply moving those emporiums away from the water and placing them on a dry surface resolves this.
 * Sometimes if you re-assign a settler from food production to a new task, all other settlers doing food production stop working on food, and food production drops to zero.
 * Normally, when assigning a settler to a crop plant, the game will automatically assign the settler to any other untended plants at the settlement. Sometimes this does not happen, and only the individual plant is assigned. Restarting the game (not reloading a save) will fix this.