Sino-American War

The Sino-American War was a war involving the People's Republic of China and the United States as the two superpowers clashed in a struggle to control the last remaining resources on Earth. The two key participants and their client states and annexed nations engaged in total war against each other, as both civilian and military resources were harnessed to achieve victory over the other side, in a struggle that was as much about resources as it was about ideology. The war was marked by atrocities on both sides, both against foreign and domestic populations, steady escalation of hostilities up to and including the use of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, and gradual transition of both states into totalitarian dictatorships no different from each other.

Resource shortages made this a war of position, rather than the maneuver. Trench warfare was common, particularly in Alaska, and until new models of power armor were introduced into the fray by United States forces, stalemates were extremely common.

The Sino-American War, culminating in the Great War, was the most destructive war in human history, resulting in unprecedented casualties among soldiers and civilians alike, due to the deployment of nuclear weapons on a global scale. The Sino-American War can be therefore understood as the war that ended the Old World.

Background
The immediate cause of the war was resource shortages. In 2060, available fuel reserves ran out worldwide. Traffic on the streets died as fuel became too valuable to waste on automobiles. The automotive industry desperately tried to come up with a solution to the problem, but electric and early fusion cars were too little, too late to help solve the growing needs of society. The fuel problem was further emphasized by the collapse of the European Commonwealth and the Middle Eastern oil powers, as the oil fields were allegedly exhausted.

The situation across the United States worsened, both as a result of the deteriorating economy, and as a result of the New Plague continuing to wreak havoc despite increased quarantine measures. The federal government attempted to use the increasing national paranoia to control the situation by discouraging assemblies, fueling the anti-communist sentiment, and encouraging the reporting of subversive elements. The Vigilant Citizen's Hotline was even established to allow hysterical citizens to report neighbors to the government for any behavior that could be construed as in support of communism. The Third Red Scare unfolded as a response to the increased hostility of the People's Republic of China and its operations on American soil. Research efforts were undertaken that could have alleviated the resource crisis entirely. The military, seeking to increase the mobility of its mechanized cavalry units, initiated a research program seeking to develop power armor in 2065. Research, development, and prototyping paved the way for future advances in military, construction, and most importantly, fusion technology. Research in other areas continued as well, including more powerful nuclear weapons.

However, these efforts would lead to Chinese conflict with the United States. As the economy of the communist state was dependent to a much greater degree on fossil fuels than that of the U.S., China found itself on the brink of collapse by the spring of 2066, with oil fields finally drying up globally. With the United States unwilling to export its own reserves of crude oil, China had become more aggressive in its negotiations. Adding further insult to the world crises, the first crude fusion cell developed for the power armor project was revealed to the American public in the summer of 2066.

In desperation, China launched an invasion of Alaska at the tail end of 2066 to seize its oil reserves. This daring military operation marked the beginning of the Sino-American War.

War in the Middle East (2052)
Rising oil prices bankrupted smaller nations, leading to the European Commonwealth attacking the Middle East for its oil reserves. The United States was also severely affected by the skyrocketing prices of oil, which led to further aggression and contributed to the clash with China and its economy reliant on fossil fuel. The dissolution of the United Nations in July marked the beginning of the chain of events that would lead to the Great War 25 years later.

New Plague (2053)
Another blow was struck in 2053, when the New Plague virus emerged. The virulent nature of the plague and the speed at which it had spread led to the first-ever national quarantine and the closing of American borders, as tens of thousands died. In 2055, the government commissioned West Tek to develop a cure for the virus. Though no cure was known to have ever been found, the research into a cure paved the way for subsequent biochemical research efforts.

Project Safehouse (2054)
The global security situation, in particular the nuclear exchanges in the Middle East, the Euro-Middle Eastern War and the New Plague resulted in the federal government initiating Project Safehouse in 2054, which created fallout shelters that would protect a percentage of the United State's population in the event of a nuclear war or fatal plague. The Vault-Tec Corporation won the contract, and this massive national defense project was set in motion. Breakthroughs in construction technology allowed for these vaults to be constructed at a rapid pace, although Vault-Tec's status as a critical defense contractor, and the classified nature of its enterprises, lead to many instances of fraud and mismanagement.

Anchorage Front Line (2059)
By the end of the decade, in 2059, the United States started to prepare for war, as the global situation continued to worsen. The Anchorage front line had been established in Alaska, to protect its oil reserves from foreign invaders. Canada had also begun to feel the pressure exerted by its increasingly hostile neighbor.

Niagara Sabotage (2062)
Chinese intelligence efforts and attempts to penetrate the civilian and military sectors in the United States played a part in beginning the war. Wan Yang, a major Chinese intelligence asset, was apprehended following the Niagara Sabotage.

Invasion (2066-2067)
Under the command of General Jingwei, Chinese forces landed in Alaska with a large parachute assault. Carried out in winter, the landing allowed the Chinese to usurp control of Alaska's oil pipeline, derricks, and reserves, and secure the flow of resources to the homeland, propping up its economy. The American military retreats on all fronts as the Chinese gamble pays off. Unable to sustain the war effort without establishing safe supply routes on land, away from the Chinese Navy, the United States pressures Canada into granting military access on land and its airspace. When Ottawa yields, despite initial resistance, the stage is set for the subsequent occupation and annexation of Canada ten years later.

With the pressure for a functional suit of power armor greater than ever, the United States military and its contractors created the first model of power armor using available technologies. Designated T-45, it was a crude construction. However, its ability to wield heavy weapons with ease greatly increased the firepower and mobility of American troops, allowing them to counter Chinese tanks and infantry. After the first suits are deployed in January 2067, China rushes to create its own versions but is unable to come up with a counter. The crude nature of the armor only allows for stabilizing the front. The situation devolves into a stalemate rapidly. General Constantine Chase and his command of the newly formed power armor units became instrumental in stabilizing the front and even retaking land from the Chinese army.

The Chinese nuclear threat was thought contained at the time, as an ideal nuclear first strike scenario (according to DIA intelligence at the time) would only succeed in destroying 41% of the American nuclear stockpile.

Stabilization and escalation (2068-2073)
The war effort in Alaska continued to consume ever-increasing amounts of resources. With the Chinese occupying and exploiting the resources and infrastructure of Alaska, the United States drew on Canadian resources to support its war effort. Entire stretches of timberland were destroyed as the military consumes Canadian wealth to battle the Chinese across the western front. By 2069, the pressure became unbearable, but Canadian protests went unheard. The entire country slowly became Little America in the minds of U.S. citizens. The tensions culminated in a sabotage attempt on the newly-reclaimed Trans-Alaskan Pipeline by Canadian forces. Faced with open hostility and rioting in several Canadian cities, the United States responds by beginning the annexation of Canada on June 3, 2072. The United States Army also commissioned the development of Liberty Prime, intended to be as a superweapon meant to establish the dominance of the United States on the Alaskan front. However, despite significant resources poured into the project, it failed to produce usable results, only drawing assets away from the war.

Drawn into a war of attrition in a remote theater of war, China authorized the use of biological weapons on the front. In response, the American government ordered West Tek to develop a Pan-Immunity Virion on September 15, 2073. This research eventually evolved into the Forced Evolution Virus project. Since West Tek was effectively nationalized two years prior, the scientists had no other choice but to obey their military masters.

Stalemate (2074-2076)
One of the turning points of the war came in 2074, as, despite claims of fighting a defensive war, American infantry and mechanized divisions landed in Shantou through the Philippines, in a counter-invasion of China itself. The American economy strained as American soldiers, Marines, sailors, and airmen fought a war on three fronts: Canada, Alaska, and mainland China. Neither side was willing to yield, despite eight years of constant warfare. The situation rapidly deteriorated into a stalemate, just like in Alaska. Conflicts also took place in the Gobi Desert and Nanjing, while other troops were present in Mambajao. In 2075, the DIA reported the possibility that Chinese were able to develop stealth submarines, explaining reports of the Ghost Fleet submitted by field agents.

By 2076, the war had raged for a decade. For both soldiers and American citizens alike, the long war caused intense psychological effects, several soldiers returning home with post-traumatic stress disorder. Both China and the United States teetered on the brink of collapse, increasing production in an effort to outdo the opponent and cutting experimental project turnarounds in half. The annexation of Canada in January bolstered the sagging economy. As American units occupied locations throughout its provinces, martial law was enacted and all protesters were shot on sight. The completion of the T-51 power armor model in June heralded change. After the first batch of T-51 model B units arrived in China, the new series performed exceedingly well against the remaining Chinese tanks, armored vehicles, and infantry. The Chinese rallied and resisted the invasion, even as supply lines began to break down across the board, with nations annexed by China beginning to break down and revolt. However, the United States was unable to fully exploit this advantage, as food and energy riots broke out in urban centers across the United States in August. A state of emergency and eventually martial law was declared, with U.S. military forces being deployed on the domestic

Mutually assured destruction (2077)
Through a combination of attrition, loss of supply routes, and offensives conducted by the United States across the front, Chinese units in Alaska found themselves surrounded and cut off from reinforcements. The liberation of Anchorage spearheaded by winterized T-51 power armor units under the command of General Constantine Chase marked the end of the Anchorage Reclamation, after a decade of war. Fallout 3 Official Game Guide Game of the Year Edition p.43: "Chinese Army (Simulated), U.S. Army (Simulated) With conditions deteriorating between the United States and China, a military presence in Alaska was established to prevent a possible invasion across the Bering Strait. With increasingly scarce oil reserves, a last deep-sea deposit below the Pacific Ocean was claimed by China before allegedly being sabotaged by American special operatives. Strained relationships spiraled downwards into escalated conflict, as China marched on Alaska, and the Sino-American War of 2066—2077 erupted. Under the command of General Jingwei, the Chinese Army usurped control of Alaska's oil pipeline and reserves. In response, the Americans had begun what came to be called "The Alaskan Reclamation Operation" (2067—2077). ''Under the leadership of General Constantine Chase, the U.S. Army battled fiercely to the front lines of the conflict before General Chase deployed specialized power armor units that began pushing the Chinese back. Future power armor suits were further refined as the conflict dragged on, and the Trans-Alaska Pipeline was reclaimed. With resources flowing through Canada, strained diplomatic tensions between Canada and the United States becoming problematic, and as the Canadian forces attacked the pipeline, the country was annexed.'' ''A combination of inclement weather, constant American bombardment and trench warfare, and U.S. powered armor unit attacks sweeping through mainline China, the Chinese supply lines weakened and finally broke down completely. By the beginning of 2077, the city of Anchorage was finally liberated, the Chinese invaders eradicated, and the operation had been deemed a success. A commemorative memorial was erected in Washington, D.C., in honor of the soldiers who fought and perished for the greater American good. Violence between America and pockets of Canadian freedom fighters continued throughout 2077, until the Great War obliterated almost all infrastructure, commerce, and human life."'' (Fallout 3 Official Game Guide faction profiles) General Jingwei, commander of the Alaskan theater, was killed in action.

The campaign in mainland China was reinvigorated by the victory in Alaska and the deployment of T-51 units. Army troops clad in T-51 regularly witnessed Chinese troops surrendering upon sighting them and their miniguns. However, the effect did not last. As American troops pushed deeper into the mainland, Chinese resistance increased. By October, the situation transitioned from a rout into a stalemate. After a decade of war, there was no end in sight. Billions of dollars and thousands of casualties were spent in vain, despite taxes and various wartime revenues ensuring the United States government has been able to fund a standing army the likes of which the United States has never before seen. To bolster the offensive, bases across the United States were sealed and troops redeployed to provide more men for the front lines.

The situation was made worse by the fact that those in power in the United States retreated to remote locations, expecting a last-ditch nuclear strike from China at any moment. The oil rig was claimed by the president and key members of this inner circle, becoming the foundation of the future Enclave. Though contingency efforts were made, the United States was effectively leaderless.

Great War
Ultimately, the stalemate was resolved with nuclear weapons. Captain Zao launched high-yield nuclear missiles at the Boston area. At 03:37 EST, a potential squadron of high-altitude bombers was sighted off the Bering Strait. Six hours later, at 09:13 EST, the IONDS detected the first four missile launches and the United States went to DEFCON 2. Four minutes later, NORAD confirmed launches. At 09:26 EST, the president ordered a retaliatory strike according to scenario MX-CN91. The first nukes hit in Pennsylvania and New York at 09:42 EST. By 09:47 EST, the facilities were offline.

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The Sino-American War
In 2060, available fuel reserves ran out worldwide. Traffic on the streets died as fuel became too valuable to waste on automobiles. The automotive industry desperately tried to come up with a solution to the problem, but electric and early fusion cars were too little, too late to help solve the growing needs of society. The fuel problem was further emphasized by the collapse of the European Commonwealth and the Middle Eastern oil powers, as the oil fields were allegedly exhausted.

The situation across the nation worsened, both as a result of the deteriorating economy, and as a result of the New Plague continuing to wreak havoc despite increased quarantine measures. The federal government attempted to use the increasing national paranoia to control the situation, by discouraging assemblies, fueling the anti-communist sentiment, and encouraging the reporting of subversive elements. The Vigilant Citizen's Hotline was even established to allow hysterical citizens to report neighbors to the government for any behavior that could be construed as in support of communism. The Third Red Scare unfolded as a response to the increased hostility of the People's Republic of China and its operations on American soil.

There were research efforts undertaken that could have alleviated the resource crisis entirely. The military, seeking to increase the mobility of its mechanized cavalry units, initiated a research program seeking to develop power armor in 2065. Research, development, and prototyping paved the way for future advances in military, construction, and most importantly, fusion technology. Research in other areas continued as well, including more powerful nuclear weapons.

However, these efforts ultimately could not prevent the United States from clashing with China. As the economy of the communist state was dependent to a much greater degree on fossil fuels than that of the U.S., China found itself on the brink of collapse by spring of 2066, with oil fields finally drying up globally. With the United States unwilling to export its own reserves of crude oil, China had become more aggressive in its negotiations. In June 2074, this resulted in a declaration by the U.S. president that the last known supply of petroleum would be used exclusively by and for the U.S., and that the U.S. would not even contemplate the selling or trading of any oil to foreign parties. Adding further insult to the world-crises, the first crude fusion cell developed for the power armor project was revealed to the American public in the summer of 2066. In desperation, China launched an invasion of Alaska to seize its oil reserves. This daring military operation began the Sino-American War, the last known war the United States would ever fight. This war also inadvertently triggered the gradual annexation of Canada, as the United States effectively forced its neighbor to grant the right of passage to American military forces. On the front, the deployment of the T-45 power armor aided in preventing Chinese tanks and infantry from overrunning Alaska. However, the situation rapidly deteriorated into a stalemate, with neither side capable of breaking the it and forcing peace terms on the enemy.

The war consumed increasing amounts of resources, materiel, and manpower, straining the ailing American economy even further. To counteract this, the United States military had begun to liberally exploit Canadian resources. Protests from Ottawa in return towards this blatant intrusion were ignored, as Canada ultimately became little more than a territory of the United States. Riots and protests eventually culminated in a sabotage attempt on an oil pipeline in 2072. The United States military used this incident as a pretext to outright invade Canada and begin annexation. On the domestic front, the aggressive use of biological weapons by the Chinese led the U.S. government to order West Tek to develop a Pan-Immunity Virion on September 15, 2073. This research eventually evolved into the Forced Evolution Virus project. Since West Tek was effectively nationalized two years prior, the scientists had no other choice but to obey their military masters.

Despite claims of fighting a defensive war, American infantry and mechanized divisions launched an invasion of the Chinese mainland in 2074. The economy was stretched to the breaking point as America found itself fighting a war on three fronts: Canada, Alaska, and mainland China. Neither side was willing to yield, despite eight years of constant warfare. By 2076, the war had raged for a decade. Both China and the United States teetered on the brink of collapse, yet both sides were in too deep to retreat. In January, a permanent garrison was installed at West Tek, to ensure that the Forced Evolution Virus project remained safe from international espionage, as it entered a new stage of experimentation on dogs and chimpanzees. By the end of the month, the annexation of Canada was completed. Its provinces were put under martial law, and all protesters and rioters were shot on sight. Atrocities committed in the name of the Union made their way stateside, fermenting into anti-governmental sentiment.

However, U.S. propaganda gained an advantage to offset the problems, and the introduction of the T-51 power armor in June helped to tip the scales in favor of the U.S. military. The next-generation power armor resolved problems existing in older generations of armor, allowing for superior firepower and mobility. Mechanized cavalry units outfitted with the T-51b's were sent to the Alaskan and Chinese fronts, carving a swath through communist forces. The Chinese economy crumbled under the onslaught, and supply lines from nations annexed by the Beijing regime began falling apart as well. However, even with these new advantages, the American regime did not fare any better in the long-term. In August, food and energy riots had begun breaking out in urban centers across the United States. A state of emergency and eventually martial law was declared, with U.S. military forces being deployed on the domestic front to fight their own countrymen. The United States effectively became a military junta.

They had practice: the annexation of Canada added a large population of disgruntled residents to the United States, victims of nearly a decade-long abuse by American military and its corporations. Protests and rioting did little to stay the iron hand of their new American masters. Martial law instituted in the wake of the annexation earlier in 2076 allowed the U.S. military to shoot protesters and rioters without consequence. Canada was brought to heel, although the atrocities committed in the name of the American people were leaked stateside, leading to unrest and protests despite the best efforts of American propagandists.

The Anchorage Reclamation ended with a decisive American victory on January 10. However, this heralded bad news for both American and Canadian citizens, as the military junta in control of the United States deployed mechanized cavalry units to Canada and the United States in order to settle and prevent further sedition. Veterans of the Chinese and Alaskan fronts found themselves fighting their own countrymen, quelling riots, and enforcing the national quarantine. Mounting civilian casualties snapped the loyalty of many soldiers, and desertions started to frequently occur. The situation only worsened when F.E.V. research leaked to the public after the project was transferred to the Mariposa Military Base for human trials. The American public and surviving governments worldwide were outraged by this revelation. Many speculated that the American government was responsible for engineering the New Plague, deliberately fueling paranoia and unrest.

The collapse of the Alaskan front sent the Chinese reeling. A combination of constant American bombardment and trench warfare, alongside a wave of cutting-edge T-51 power armor suits sweeping through mainland China, caused their supply lines to break down completely. Victory seemed in reach.Fallout 3 Official Game Guide Game of the Year Edition p. 43: "Chinese Army (Simulated), U.S. Army (Simulated) With conditions deteriorating between the United States and China, a military presence in Alaska was established to prevent a possible invasion across the Bering Strait. With increasingly scarce oil reserves, a last deep-sea deposit below the Pacific Ocean was claimed by China before allegedly being sabotaged by American special operatives. Strained relationships spiraled downward into escalated conflict, as China marched on Alaska, and the Sino-American War of 2066—2077 erupted. Under the command of General Jingwei, the Chinese Army usurped control of Alaska's oil pipeline and reserves. In response, the Americans had begun what came to be called "The Alaskan Reclamation Operation" (2067—2077). ''Under the leadership of General Constantine Chase, the U.S. Army battled fiercely to the front lines of the conflict before General Chase deployed specialized power armor units that began pushing the Chinese back. Future power armor suits were further refined as the conflict dragged on, and the Trans-Alaska Pipeline was reclaimed. With resources flowing through Canada, strained diplomatic tensions between Canada and the United States becoming problematic, and as the Canadian forces attacked the pipeline, the country was annexed.'' ''A combination of inclement weather, constant American bombardment and trench warfare, and the U.S. powered armor unit attack sweeping through mainline [sic] China, the Chinese supply lines weakened and finally broke down completely. By the beginning of 2077, the city of Anchorage was finally liberated, the Chinese invaders eradicated, and the operation had been deemed a success. A commemorative memorial was erected in Washington, D.C., in honor of the soldiers who fought and perished for the greater American good. Violence between America and pockets of Canadian freedom fighters continued throughout 2077 until the Great War obliterated almost all infrastructure, commerce, and human life."'' (Fallout 3 Official Game Guide faction profiles) However, fierce Chinese resistance halted the advance and forced the overstretched American military into a war of attrition. As the casualties mounted in a historic clash of the titans, the public grew increasingly disaffected by the war. After all, although the Chinese were repulsed from Alaska, it came after over a decade of war, with no end in sight. Billions of dollars and thousands of casualties later, the war was once more at a stalemate with no clear victor. Another contributing factor was the increasingly dire food situation, with riots a regular occurrence. The United States Army servicemen deployed to protect food banks were known for responding to altercations with violence. One notable incident in Roxbury, Massachusetts, left four dead and eight wounded, after soldiers were laughing and picking targets out in the crowd well in advance. It was far from an exception.

Faced with a rapidly disintegrating nation, and with China-backed into a corner, the oligarchs ruling the United States retreated to remote locations around the globe, expecting a last-ditch nuclear strike from China at any moment. An oil rig off the coast of southern California was claimed by the president and key members of the junta, becoming the foundation of the future Enclave. Bases across the United States were sealed and troops redeployed to feed more men into the meat grinder that the Chinese front became, thereby sustaining the American war effort. By October, the United States had become virtually leaderless, continuing on simply from inertia. When the U.S. Army security detail at Mariposa discovered that the F.E.V. experiments were being conducted on their comrades in arms – the very men arrested for refusing to fight their own countrymen – they rebelled. However, even as Captain Roger Maxson declared them in full desertion from the U.S. Army and broke all ties with the United States, there was no response – the chain of command ceased to exist. All the offices of power across the United States were closed and dark, maintained by skeleton crews. A few dedicated writers, such as Mags Veccio, conducted the last pre-War journalist investigations, uncovering the Enclave's oil rig and the President's residence there. The lid was almost blown off the Enclave. -->