The Commonwealth

 is a place in the East Coast, north of Washington, DC, famous for an organization of scientists that operates from "The Institute". Little is known about the Commonwealth or the Institute other than that they possess highly advanced technology and technological skills. The Institute has created true AI and is capable of creating convincing androids.

"The Commonwealth" may very well refer to the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, and "The Institute" would then refer to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Alternatively, "The Commonwealth" may also refer to the Commonwealth of Nations, an organization composed of former members of the British Empire. As Canada was a member of this Commonwealth, it suggests that parts of Canada may have been taken back by a group underating under the commonwealth at least in name.

Contrary to fierce arguments from The Railroad, there is not much evidence provided to demonstrate that they are either "good" or "evil"; in The Replicated Man, Dr. Zimmer simply wants to safely recover his creation, and when aided in this, he lectures the android on the advantages of staying in the Commonwealth, and leads him unharmed (or simply reset) out of Rivet City.

Harkness, Dr. Zimmer and Armitage are from the Commonwealth.

Apperances
 is only mentioned in Fallout 3.