Science

Science is a Fallout, Fallout 2, Fallout Tactics, and Fallout 3 skill.

Covers a variety of hi-technology skills, such as computers, biology, physics and geology.

Fallout, Fallout 2 and Fallout Tactics
Initial Level: Starting Science skill is equal to 25% + (2% x Intelligence). This formula would mean average characters will have a 35% Science skill (25% + (2 x 5)), with the minimum value being 27% and the maximum 45%.

Fallout 3
Science allows you to hack terminals using the mini-game described below. Terminals have different difficulty levels, and they require different science skill levels. The difficulty ratings and skill levels are: Very Easy (15), Easy (25), Average (50), Hard (75), and Very Hard (100). The relative values of your science level and the difficulty rating affects how hard the minigame is. Harder terminals have more words, longer words, and less brackets for removing duds.

The Hacking Mini-game
You will be presented with a list of words interposed with random characters. One of the words is the correct password, and your goal is to guess it. You choose a word by clicking on it. If you didn't guess correctly, the terminal will display "x/y correct" where x is the number of correct letters, and y is the word length. It is important to realize that a letter is correct only if it is in the right spot. For example, if the password is “RELEASED” and you choose “DETECTOR” then you will be told that there are 2/8 correct because there are 'E's in the 2nd and 4th place for both. The words have other letters in common, like 'R', but it is in the first spot in one word, and the last in the other. You have four attempts to select the correct password.

This game has many similarities with Mastermind (a board game).

There are also things you can do with the characters that are not part of words. Clicking on matching brackets (i.e. [] {}  or <>, even with other characters between, but not a whole word between) can remove a dud password or even reset the number of remaining guesses to four. The brackets must be of the same type and on the same line. Take “.<*%]>)(@” as an example. Selecting the first “<” will highlight everything up to the “>”. Also, two or more opening brackets can be matched to a single closing bracket ("[ [ ]" on a line gives you two chances), but the opposite is not true ("[ ] ]" only gives you one chance). Choosing a single non-letter character will simply waste an attempt.

Before you have used all four guesses, you can exit the game. You can then start the game again, and you will be given a new batch of words. This is useful if you're running low on guesses. Using all four guesses without getting the correct answer will lock the terminal – you will be unable to hack it again.

Tips and Tricks
Use previous guesses to eliminate words. If you guess a word and are told that it has n correct letters, that means any word that does not have exactly n letters in common (same letter in the same position) with the first word cannot be the correct choice. For example, if you guess “CONVINCED” and are told that 3/9 are correct then you can eliminate words like “CERTAINLY” (1 letter in common) and “COMMITTEE” (4 letters in common). This often narrows your choices down a good deal – in the mini game this example was taken from, choosing “CONVINCED” eliminated all but 3 words (“FORBIDDEN”, “CARDINALS”, and “CLUTTERED”). So after only one guess, being able to win the mini-game was guaranteed (since there were three guesses and three words left).

Taking the above approach may require pencil and paper (or one of the programs listed below), but there are other tricks that do not. Looking at common word substructures can also be useful. For example, if any word ending in "ING" gets less than 3 letters correct, then the correct answer cannot end in "ING". Likewise, many words may start with "CON", etc.

Previous choices are displayed on the right-hand side of the terminal. You may find this easier to use for position-based character mapping than trying to do it mentally.

To get to the hacking mini-game quickly, you can click the startup screen on the terminal to skip to the next screen. Click once more to load the hack screen instantly.

A simple but effective approach
Choose the first word on your screen, and see how many letters are correct. Go down the list to the first word that has that many letters in common with your original word. Choose that word. Repeat the process as needed and you will generally succeed.

Random guess approach
A less structured, but surprisingly effective, approach is to quickly guess three times, and then exit if you did not guess the correct password. Repeat the process as necessary. Given 21 passwords to choose from, it takes seven times, on average, to get it right. This can be done very quickly.

Quasi-random approach
Guess randomly until you find either a zero match or a >50% of letters match. For instance, if your word length is 8, you want 0/8 or 5/8, 6/8, or 7/8. Given any of these, you can easily see which other words are similar, or in the case of the 0/8, entirely dissimilar. After you've found one of the aforementioned desirable matches, you can look for matching bracket pairs to restore the number of tries, if necessary. Finding brackets takes the most amount of time with this method, so don't do it unless you need to.

A structured approach
Read all the words, and you will notice that many look alike. Choose the word that seems to have the most in common with the other words. Then: Again, note the number of correct letters. You have two more guesses left. Go through the words and find which ones have not been eliminated. There will likely be only one or two word that fit the bill – try them.
 * If only one or two letters are incorrect, choose a word that differs by only one or two letters.
 * Otherwise, choose a word that is very different from your previous choice.

Pencil and Paper approach
Write down all the words on a piece of paper. (Quad ruled paper is useful - putting one letter per square will make them easy to compare. It's easy to print quad paper from a spreadsheet; just print a blank page with borders on all cells. Tighten up the column width first.) Choose a word that seems to have a lot in common with many of the other words. Use the feedback from the computer (x/y correct) to eliminate all words that do not have that x letter in common with the word you chose. Repeat as needed.

Match Brackets
No matter the strategy, matching brackets can prove to be very useful. Although it may take longer, it just about guarantees a success. The most effective method is to make 3 guesses, then find matching brackets until the attempts refill. This can be repeated, potentially giving more than 7 guesses. That, plus the duds removed, will leave the screen with so few plausible passwords that the correct one will be difficult to miss.

Use a program
Several programs exist that will make suggestions and do the book keeping for you. The algorithms behind most of the programs are not known. Some appear to suggest words that have the most in common with other words (although what exactly that means varies with the algorithm). The algorithm behind the Vault-Tec 1337 Hax0ring Tool uses the laws of probability to choose the word that will, on average, eliminate the most other words. The Terminal Hacking Tool for Fallout 3 (THTF3) works pretty much the same way. It ensures fail-safe results for all the terminals up to Very Hard level. The difference between THTF3 and other online tools is that it is implemented wizard-style, suggesting which word should be selected at each step.

Online:
 * Terminal Hacking Tool for Fallout 3
 * HACK-BOY
 * Terminal Hacking Assistant

Offline:
 * Vault-Tec 1337 Hax0ring Tool