GECK

The Garden of Eden Creation Kit or GECK was a device created by Future-Tec, a division of Vault-Tec, which was meant to revitalize areas of the wasteland.

The kit looks like a smallish, silver briefcase emblazoned with the letters G.E.C.K.; and, according to Vault-Tec advertisements, it contains all the seeds, fertilizer, and gizmos - including a cold fusion power generator and a basic replicator - to start a brand new city. Each Vault was presumably issued with two GECKs, except for Vaults 8 and 13; Vault 8's extra GECK got swapped (whether by accident or some nefarious scheme, this is not known) with the Vault 13 surplus water chips that were ordered when the one working water chip broke.

The GECK, however, isn't really a replicator. It contains a fertilizer system filled with a variety of food seeds, soil supplements, and chemicals that could turn arid wasteland (and possibly selected sections of the moon's surface pre-conditioned to accept the GECK) into fertile soil for farming. The GECK is intended to be "disassembled" over the course of its use to help build communities (for example, the cold fusion power source is intended to be used for main city power production), and so on. For anything else people needed, they could simply consult the How To Books/Library of Congress/Encyclopedias in the GECK holodisk library for more knowledge. The pen flashlight was just a bonus.

The GECK also contained some basic force field schematics as well as info on how to make adobe-type buildings from the landscape (or it contained chemicals that could create "sand-crete" walls).

As for clothing, the GECK contained codes that allowed the Vault to create more varieties of jumpsuits (and weatherproof gear) from their dispensers, which they could do anyway before the GECK. It's possible the GECK contained other codes that could unlock more functionality within the Vault computers that weren't initially available because they would jeopardize the survival of the Vault if they were used or scavenged (or else they would interfere with the Grand Experiment).

The GECK could also tell the Vault inhabitants how to disassemble sections of their Vault (or take extraneous systems from the Vault) to create new homes and defensive structures on the surface.

Still, while the GECK simply isn't the holy cure-all miracle device the inhabitants of Arroyo intended it to be, in the right hands it's a very useful piece of Pre-War tech that can help establish a viable community. After the destruction of the Enclave, the dwellers of Vault 13 rescued from the Oil Rig used it to create New Arroyo.

Appearances in games
The GECK first appeared in the Fallout manual and later it became an important part of the Fallout 2 plot.

Behind the scenes
According to Chris Taylor, the GECK was created by Jason Anderson and Leonard Boyarsky for the F1 manual - it wasn't intended to be used in Fallout 2. But as far as a McGuffin goes, it was there when it was needed.