Vault

A Vault is a type of a subterranean installation designed by Vault-Tec. Officially, they were designed for the sole purpose of sheltering up to one thousand dwellers from a nuclear holocaust.

History
Commissioned by the United States government as part of Project Safehouse, Vault-Tec built 122 such Vaults over the country. However, when the storm of nuclear war came in 2077, the Vaults were sealed without many of their dwellers due to the Cry Wolf effect training drills had on the populace.

The first Vault was built in Los Angeles, intended to demonstrate the viability of such a facility. The demonstration Vault was built beneath the city, within its limits and unlike other Vaults, wasn't part of the experiment. Most Vaults were completed by 2063, except for Vault 13, which was the last one to be completed.

Before Project Safehouse was privatized, ODYSSEUS, an extremely advanced AI was designed with the intent to coordinate and operate all of the Vaults.

True purpose
Officially, the Vaults were nuclear shelters designed to protect the American population from nuclear holocaust. However, with a population of almost 400 million by 2077, the U.S. would need nearly 400,000 Vaults the size of Vault 13, while Vault-Tec was commissioned to build only 122 such Vaults. The real reason for the existence of these Vaults was to study pre-selected segments of the population to see how they react to the stresses of isolation and how successfully they re-colonize Earth after the Vault opens.

The shadow government, the Enclave, responsible for the experiment (officially known as the "Societal Preservation Program"), have considered themselves prime candidates for recolonizing the world after a nuclear holocaust and to this end commissioned the construction of their own shelters, isolated from the Vault network. The purpose of the Vault experiments was to help prepare the Enclave for either re-colonizing Earth or colonizing another planet if Earth turned out to be uninhabitable by unmutated humans.

The total number of vaults is a government secret and has been lost; there were the aforementioned "public" vaults, which numbered 122 and an undisclosed number of "private" vaults. Information on whether Vault-Tec was an international corporation and were there vaults made by them in other parts of the world, or were they strictly U.S. based, cannot be released due to Vault-Tec and US Government regulations

Of the 122 Vaults, only 17 were control, meaning that only 17 were made to public expectations, all others were designed to include a social experiment, sometimes with a select few of the inhabitants observing the occupants.

Overview
The Vaults were one of the most expensive shelters in the pre-War world, as according to the Vault Dweller's Survival Guide for Vault 13 (otherwise known as the Fallout manual), the intended budget for that particular installation was 400 billion dollars, and by the end of its construction reached 645 billion. The Vaults were located in various locations, and little information is available as to why those particular sites were chosen. For example, Vaults 13 and 15 were located in rather remote locations, far from population centers, while Vaults 12 and 101 lay near or in cities themselves.

Each Vault was designed to hold one thousand occupants at any given time, although hot bunking was required at maximum capacity, and equipped with all facilities and supplies needed by them to survive in isolation for the designated time. The facilities and supplies included complete construction equipment, hydro-agricultural farms, a water purification system, defensive weaponry to equip 10 men, communication systems and surface monitors, social and entertainment files (for total duration) as well as one or two G.E.C.K.s, intended to help the inhabitants repopulate the post-nuclear world after the All Clear signal is sent following the conclusion of the social experiment.

Different types of power sources were utilized for the Vaults. Vault 13 relied primarily on geothermal energy, with backup power available from a General Atomics Nuclear Power generator, and could sustain one thousand inhabitants for two hundred years. Vault 8 on the other hand, relied on an unspecified type of reactor, which, while enough for Vault City to emerge, could only support a relatively small, highly advanced settlement, and in 2241 was nearing its capacity, after which further growth would be impossible.

All Vault Dwellers wore blue-and-yellow jumpsuits, although the design varied between different Vaults. An average Vault Dweller living in a properly maintained Vault could expect to live at least 92.3 years.

It should be noted that due to scaling, the size of Vaults in games shouldn't be taken at face value - after all, Vault 13 or any Vault in Fallout 3 in-game couldn't possibly hold 1000 people, despite their stated capacity.

Realistically speaking, many of the Vaults are flawed. The powerful blasts caused by nuclear weapons detonated would likely cause the entrance shaft to collapse entirely, as the shafts seem to have no visible means of support. This would block the blast door, causing the inhabitants to be entombed by the above building(s) and or rocks. This may have happened to Vault 87, which suffered a direct nuclear blast outside its door that still produced high levels of radiation 200 years after the fact. However, this would only occur when a nuke is detonated on the ground, meaning the Vaults were only rated for an airburst detonation, which would be more likely in a nuclear war being that the radiation and heat wouldn't be blocked by terrain. It is also possible that the designers believed that the vaults would not be primary targets in a war, and so only constructed them to protect against radiation and distant nuclear explosions. Also, some of the vaults, such as vault 112, have a reinforced steel entrance shaft and as such would not collapse due to a surface detonation.

Entrance
The entrance houses the Vault's only connection to the outside world - the airlock. Closed from the inside by a reinforced high-security door and from the outside by a massive, gear-shaped four yard thick blast door (which was rumored by Three Dog to weigh over thirteen tons), it's the only means of leaving the Vault. Security codes are required to both leave and enter the Vault, and they are usually only known to a handful of people within the facility. Vault 87 had two additional entrances reachable through Lamplight Caverns.

The automated narrator of the the Vault-Tec vault demonstration in Washington DC's Museum of Technology states that the doors had a projected 2% failure rate in case of a direct hit by a nuclear missile. So far, the only known vault to have been hit directly (or very nearly) by a nuclear weapon is Vault 87. According to the terminal of Vault 87's overseer, the blast caused the vault's main door to completely and utterly fail, apparently damaging it "beyond repair." Though this could be considered unfortunate and ironic happenstance, it is more likely an indicator that Vault-Tec's failure rates were completely fabricated.

Most Vaults use a single, universal model of the blast door to secure the airlock, however, some older Vaults (such as Vault 101) use a different, more crude blast door model. Vault 8, the control Vault, had also a second, much larger, blast door built, that secured the entry hallway leading to the entrance to the Vault.

In addition, the Entrance level also houses the Emergency Medical Lab complete with an AutoDoc. A Vault medic was required to be present at the EML 24 hours a day. The lab had the equipment to treat nearly all injuries and illnesses, ranging from simple bruises to irradiation.

Living Quarters
Standard pre-War design of the living quarters was that of a single room with a sanitary annex. Vault 13 had one hundred living quarters, and at maximum capacity, ten people would be assigned to a single living quarter, in a hot bunking system.

The Vaults also introduced many new technologies in the Vaults, such as a floor that doubled as an automatic vacuum.

The lights used in the Vaults used SimuSun technology, making it feel just like the outdoors, with only a fraction of a sunburn risk. The lights in Vault 101 were kept on all the time to prevent a Radroach infestation.

New Entertainertrons were used to play holotapes, and used as a slide projector in the classroom of Vault 101.

Command Center
The heart of the Vault, the command center was where the Overseer's seat was located. The operations center, apart from the seat of power, included the computer lab, where the water purification system was located, and an armory, where the Vault's arms were stockpiled. A security guard was posted in the command center at all times, to ensure that the armaments are properly secured, and handed out only to people possessing the proper clearance from the Overseer.

Apart from that, the level also contained the computer core, housing data processing units, a library playing an important role in educating Vault Dwellers and information, a meeting room for the dwellers and the primary store room, where the most important supplies would be stored.

The Overseer is also able to see anyone inside the Vault with the Eye-on-you cameras.

Equipped with dual 5mm miniguns in some Vaults, the Overseer's command post can be considered the last line of defense in case the Vault security is breached.

Differences

 * Vault 29 (Van Buren) was outfitted with a ZAX AI, which replaced the Overseer.
 * Vault 12 had its Overseer's room sealed due to the fact that the main door of the vault was doomed never to close.
 * East Coast Vaults (87, 92, 101, 106, 108, 112) use a different, older door mechanism (as evidenced by extensive rusting and meagre safety precautions). The East Coast Vault opening mechanisms are contained entirely within the Vault itself, pulling the door inwards and simply rolling it to one side. The doors seen on West Coast Vaults, however, pull the seal outwards and use an external clamp to slide it aside.
 * East Coast Vaults lack storage rooms in the Overseer's office; they are instead located near the Atrium.
 * The Vault-Tec Secret Vault had an entirely different layout than other vaults.

Results
Sadly, most of the vault's experiments were complete failures. Only a few managed to successfully have their experiments last after over two-hundred years. Even so, most of the known vault's experiments failed. In Vault 112, the player has the choice of either killing all of the residents in the neighborhood on Tranquility Lane in the simulation (strangely as Dr. Braun suggested, meaning it must not have meant failure), or activating the Chinese Invasion program of the Dr's, killing everybody in Tranquility Lane as well, resulting in the Vault's untimely failure. In Vault 106, the insane survivors inside must have killed the vault's Overseer (though strangely they do not kill each other), and took over resulting in the vault's failure. In Vault 101, the Overseer's lie caused most of the vault's residents, including the Overseer's daughter, to turn against him. Either way the character chooses, the vault's experiment fails. The other vaults out farther west than the Capital Wasteland were no better. Only Vault 08 managed to become an effectively successful vault, in which Vault City came from. Most other vault's inhabitants either fled to the surface to make a better life for themselves, or stayed. The midwestern vaults were not so lucky. Most inhabitants either stayed in the vault, or rose to the surface, where the more hostile Enclave killed those who came from within.

Appearances
Fallout: The other Vaults present in this article were mentioned in Chris Avellone's Fallout Bible or Penny Arcade's comic strips.
 * Vault 12, Vault 13, Vault 15 and the LA Vault appeared in Fallout 1
 * Vault 8, Vault 13 and Vault 15 appeared in Fallout 2
 * Some Vaults were mentioned by President Richardson - some of them had not enough food synthesizers, others had only men in them, yet others were designed to open after only 6 months.
 * A malfunctioning Vault with unknown number and location appeared in Van Buren tech demo
 * Vault 69 advertisement appeared in the Van Buren concept art.
 * Vault 29 and Vault 70 were to appear in Van Buren, the cancelled Fallout 3 project by Black Isle (year 2253).
 * Vault 101 appears in Fallout 3 alongside Vault 87 Vault 92 Vault 106 Vault 108 Vault 112 and the DC demo Vault (year 2277). Vault 76 is mentioned in a Pentagon terminal, but it doesn't exist in the current game.

Spin-offs:
 * Vault 0 appeared in Fallout Tactics, but the idea did not really fit the Vault experiment.
 * A secret Vault-Tec Vault dedicated to FEV research appeared in Fallout: Brotherhood of Steel, but is considered non-canon.

Behind the scenes
The vault experiment was an idea created by Tim Cain during the initial stages of Fallout 2 development.

Cut content
The developers intended for the player to first encounter information about the Vault Experiment as they read the Vault 8 records in Fallout 2. They could discover a classified file (opened with a successful Science skill roll) explaining the purpose of Vault 8 was to be a "control Vault," designed to hold 1000 people and open at a designated time. This file was intended to foreshadow the discovery of the true and sinister purpose of the Vaults.

The player was also intended to apply his Science skill to the central computer in Vault 13 to obtain a history of Vault 13, the Overseer's involvement in the Vault Dweller's expulsion, and even worse, the true purposes of the Vaults. The Overseer was conscious of the true purpose of the Vaults as social experiments on a grand scale, and consequently drove out the Vault Dweller because of fear he would ruin the experiment... or uncover it.