Human

Humans (sometimes called "smoothskins" by ghouls and "normals" by super mutants) are homo sapiens that have been more-or-less unaffected by radiation. They are composed of four ethnic groups (African, Asian, Caucasian, Hispanic) but now, after the Great War, two descendants can be distinguished; "pure" (called prime normals by the Lieutenant), who were not infected by radiation or exposed to the F.E.V. in the air (like vault dwellers or Enclave members), and "non-pure" (called mutants by Enclave). With them were those affected and whose DNA changed to a lesser extent, their appearance remains the same and the distinction can only seen with analysis, but their reaction to modified FEV of the Enclave is not the same: the "pure" human survives while the "non-pure" human, with all mutated creatures, will die out. Also, the more a human is affected and therefore "not-pure", the more their transformation into mariposa super mutant (not to be confused with Vault 87 super mutants) has a greater chance of fail, therefore making them more likely to be brutal and less intelligent.

Description
Despite the existence of various mutations, humans are still the most common humanoid creatures on Earth. In the aftermath of the Great War, most of humanity living in the wastelands began to mutate (at DNA level) because radiation or exposition to the F.E.V. of the West Tek Research Facility (that has mutated after the Great War due to radiation).

There are still "pure", unmutated humans living on Earth, such as the Enclave and vault dwellers, but it is also reasonably possible that certain groups that have descended from vault populations (Boomers, Vault city people) have also survived, unchanged, having come out of their vaults at a time where most radiation and fallout has subsided. That said, most people in the Fallout World can still be considered human, even though many of them have minor mutations, like additional toes (i.e the Chosen One, skin lesions due to little TDC infection, permanent red eyes, permanent varicose veins or complete lack of hair.

Also, humans are the only race to have been seen to be return to a primitive age, living like tribals, with their own beliefs, own cultures, own customs and sometimes with their own language. They also commonly bare tattoos as one of their traditions, often with a meaning.

Evolved sub-species
Evolved sub-species would be any group of humans who have kept the same appearance as normal humans but many of their senses have evolved. Known human evolved sub-species created due to little mutation/evolution over generations include:
 * Beastlords
 * Human psyker
 * Slags

Mutated sub-species
Mutated sub-species would be any group of humans that are mutated or are modified into a different form and appearance from humans. Known mutated sub-species include:
 * Ghost people
 * Ghoul
 * Lobotomite
 * Super mutant
 * Swampfolk
 * Trog

Game-specific information
In the SPECIAL character system, humans have 40 Character Points to divide between their Primary Statistics. Note that, in Fallout, Fallout 2, Fallout 3, and Fallout: New Vegas, the player can only play as a human character. Fallout Tactics allowed the player to control other races (see Fallout Tactics races), even though the player could only start as a human and Fallout: Brotherhood of Steel is the only Fallout game allowing to play a ghoul as a principal player character.

Fallout 3 and Fallout: New Vegas
Human NPCs suffer extra damage from headshots both in V.A.T.S., and in free fire mode. They prioritize their targets according to the weapons they carry. Any grenades the NPCs carry can be detonated with a well placed shot.

Shooting the enemy's weapons is a very effective way of disarming humanoids, as the weapons they carry are often of inferior quality requiring only a few shots, and their hand to hand damage is negligible. This does not apply to enemies using Unarmed weapons.