Railsign

Railsign is a secret marking system used by the Railroad in Fallout 4. Each marking consists of an "asterisk" of six or eight white lines, at the center of which is a special symbol. A visual chart of the railsigns appears in Railroad HQ.

Appearances
The railsigns appear in the quest Tradecraft, pointed out by Deacon, being used as indicators to Ricky Dalton who is referred to as "The Tourist".

Behind the scenes

 * The railsigns are similar to the shadowmarks from Bethesda's The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim. Both are glyphs used by underground societies to designate certain places and things to other members of the society.
 * They also bear a similarity to the real life hobo code - symbols used by the homeless to let others know about various things related to their lifestyle, such are safe places to camp or places to get food.