Fallout 4 primary statistics

Overview
Instead of 5 in Fallout 3 and Fallout: New Vegas, in Fallout 4, the player character can invest 21 attribute points into the SPECIAL stats at the start of the game. However, unlike the previous games each SPECIAL stat starts out at 1 instead of 5. Later the player can upgrade their SPECIAL stats when leveling up.

Unlike in previous games, it appears that all SPECIAL stats can be meaningfully boosted past 10. In other words, temporary (e.g. chems) and static (e.g. from clothing) boosts are allowed to bring your stats higher than 10, and this is meaningful. For a more permanent adjustment, Bobbleheads can permanently raise a stat already at 10 to 11.